Bacteriocin: lacticin 481 (Lactococcin DR)
Accession: BAC034
Classification
Class: Lantibiotic
Genetics
Gene: lctA; Synonyms=lcnDR1, lct
Producer and target organisms
Producer Organism: Lactococcus lactis subsp (Streptococcus lactis), lactis [Gram-positive]
Taxonomy: Bacteria
FirmicutesLactobacillalesStreptococcaceaeLactococcus
Target organismsactive on Gram-positive bacteria:activity against a wide range of lactic acid bacteria - Staphylococcus carnosus - Clostridium tyrobutyricum
Description
Mode of action:
Lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic). The bactericidal activity of lantibiotics is based on depolarization of energized bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, initiated by the formation of aqueous transmembrane pores. Lacticin 481 is a broad spectrum bacteriocin exhibiting activity against a wide range of lactic acid bacteria and C.tyrobutyricum.
Post-translational modification:
Maturation of lantibiotics involves the enzymic conversion of Thr, and Ser into dehydrated AA and the formation of thioether bonds with cysteine. This is followed by membrane translocation and cleavage of the modified precursor.
Lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic). The bactericidal activity of lantibiotics is based on depolarization of energized bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, initiated by the formation of aqueous transmembrane pores. Lacticin 481 is a broad spectrum bacteriocin exhibiting activity against a wide range of lactic acid bacteria and C.tyrobutyricum.
Post-translational modification:
Maturation of lantibiotics involves the enzymic conversion of Thr, and Ser into dehydrated AA and the formation of thioether bonds with cysteine. This is followed by membrane translocation and cleavage of the modified precursor.
Uniprot and PDB links
UniProt Entry: P36499
PDB EntryUnknown
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND STRUCTURE BY NMR, STRAIN=CNRZ 481
MEDLINE=93346379;PubMed=8344922;
Piard J.-C., Kuipers O.P., Rollema H.S., Desmazeaud M.J., de Vos W.M.
"Structure, organization, and expression of the lct gene for lacticin 481, a novel lantibiotic produced by Lactococcus lactis.", J. Biol. Chem. 268:16361-16368(1993).
MEDLINE=93346379;PubMed=8344922;
Piard J.-C., Kuipers O.P., Rollema H.S., Desmazeaud M.J., de Vos W.M.
"Structure, organization, and expression of the lct gene for lacticin 481, a novel lantibiotic produced by Lactococcus lactis.", J. Biol. Chem. 268:16361-16368(1993).
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], STRAIN=ADRIA 85LO30
MEDLINE=94288641;PubMed=8017945;
Rince A., Dufour A., le Pogam S., Thuault D., Bourgeois C.M., Pennec J.P.
"Cloning, expression, and nucleotide sequence of genes involved in production of lactococcin DR, a bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.", Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1652-1657(1994).
MEDLINE=94288641;PubMed=8017945;
Rince A., Dufour A., le Pogam S., Thuault D., Bourgeois C.M., Pennec J.P.
"Cloning, expression, and nucleotide sequence of genes involved in production of lactococcin DR, a bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.", Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1652-1657(1994).
[Ref. 3]
PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 25-31, STRAIN=CNRZ 481
Piard J.-C., Muriana P.M., Desmazeaud M.J., Klaenhammer T.R.
"Purification and partial characterization of lacticin 481, a lanthionine-containing bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CNRZ 481.", Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:279-284(1992).
Piard J.-C., Muriana P.M., Desmazeaud M.J., Klaenhammer T.R.
"Purification and partial characterization of lacticin 481, a lanthionine-containing bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CNRZ 481.", Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:279-284(1992).
THIOETHER BONDS.
MEDLINE=96350545;PubMed=8764998;DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(96)00771-5
van den Hooven H.W., Lagerwerf F.M., Heerma W., Haverkamp J., Piard J.-C., Hilbers C.W., Siezen R.J., Kuipers O.P., Rollema H.S.
"The structure of the lantibiotic lacticin 481 produced by Lactococcus lactis: location of the thioether bridges.", FEBS Lett. 391:317-322(1996).
MEDLINE=96350545;PubMed=8764998;DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(96)00771-5
van den Hooven H.W., Lagerwerf F.M., Heerma W., Haverkamp J., Piard J.-C., Hilbers C.W., Siezen R.J., Kuipers O.P., Rollema H.S.
"The structure of the lantibiotic lacticin 481 produced by Lactococcus lactis: location of the thioether bridges.", FEBS Lett. 391:317-322(1996).
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Gene structure
| Gene id | Name | Description | Location |
| BACGene123 | unknown orf8 | complement(1..498) | |
| BACGene124 | tpase | putative transposase | 737..2056 |
| BACGene125 | lctA | preprolacticin 481 | 2471..2626 |
| BACGene126 | lctM | LctM posttranslational modifications of preprolactococin 481 | 2764..5532 |
| BACGene127 | lctT | LctT protease; ATP-dependent transport protein; cleavage of the leader peptide andexport of mature lacticin 481 | 5551..7626 |
| BACGene128 | lctF | LctF immunity to the bacteriocin lacticin 481 ABC transporter (ATP-binding domain) homolog | 7684..8604 |
| BACGene129 | lctE | LctE immunity to the bacteriocin lacticin 481 ABC transporter (trans-membrane domain) homolog | 8604..9356 |
| BACGene130 | lctG | LctG proposed to be associated to LctF and LctE to form an ABC transporter involvedin immunity to lacticin 481 ABC transporter (trans-membrane domain) homolog | 9350..10087 |
| BACGene131 | tpase | putative transposase Orf7 | 10388..11707 |
| BACGene132 | tpase | unknown Orf9 | 12029..12132 |
Protein sequence
| ........10 ........20 ........30 | | | KGGSGVIHTI SHECNMNSWQ FVFTCCS |
Wheel representation
Protein sequence annotations
| Feature | Position(s) | Length | Description |
| PEPTIDE | 1↔27 | 27 | Lantibiotic lacticin-481. Feature identifier = PRO_0000017121. |
| Modified residue | 24 | (Z)-2,3-didehydrobutyrine. | |
| Cross-link | 9↔14 | 6 | Beta-methyllanthionine (Thr-Cys). |
| Cross-link | 11↔25 | 15 | Lanthionine (Ser-Cys). |
| Cross-link | 18↔26 | 9 | Lanthionine (Ser-Cys). |
Composition
Hydrophobicity
Composition
| Formula | C127
H190
N36
O39
S4 |
| Absent amino acids | ADLPRY |
| Common amino acids | S |
| Mass (Da) | 2991.8 |
| Net charge | +2 |
| Isoelectric point | 7.35 |
| Basic residues | 3 |
| Acidic residues | 1 |
| Hydrophobic residues | 7 |
| Polar residues | 14 |
| Aliphatic residues | 4 |
| Tiny residues | 7 |
| Boman Index | -24.02 |
| Hydropathy Index | 0.05 |
| Aliphatic Index | 50.37 |
| Instability Index | 26.31 (stable) |
| Half Life |
Mammalian : 1.3 hour Yeast : 3 min E. coli : 2 min |
| Extinction Coefficient | 5625 M-1 cm-1 |
| Absorbance 280nm | 216.35 |
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