Bacteriocin: lacticin 481 (Lactococcin DR)

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Bacteriocin: lacticin 481 (Lactococcin DR)

Accession: BAC034

Classification
Class: Lantibiotic
Genetics
Gene: lctA; Synonyms=lcnDR1, lct
Producer and target organisms

Producer Organism: Lactococcus lactis subsp (Streptococcus lactis), lactis [Gram-positive]

Taxonomy: BacteriaFirmicutesLactobacillalesStreptococcaceaeLactococcus

Target organismsactive on Gram-positive bacteria:activity against a wide range of lactic acid bacteria - Staphylococcus carnosus - Clostridium tyrobutyricum

Description
Mode of action:
Lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic). The bactericidal activity of lantibiotics is based on depolarization of energized bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, initiated by the formation of aqueous transmembrane pores. Lacticin 481 is a broad spectrum bacteriocin exhibiting activity against a wide range of lactic acid bacteria and C.tyrobutyricum.

Post-translational modification:
Maturation of lantibiotics involves the enzymic conversion of Thr, and Ser into dehydrated AA and the formation of thioether bonds with cysteine. This is followed by membrane translocation and cleavage of the modified precursor.
Uniprot and PDB links

UniProt Entry: P36499

PDB EntryUnknown

NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND STRUCTURE BY NMR, STRAIN=CNRZ 481
MEDLINE=93346379;PubMed=8344922;
Piard J.-C., Kuipers O.P., Rollema H.S., Desmazeaud M.J., de Vos W.M.
"Structure, organization, and expression of the lct gene for lacticin 481, a novel lantibiotic produced by Lactococcus lactis.", J. Biol. Chem. 268:16361-16368(1993).
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], STRAIN=ADRIA 85LO30
MEDLINE=94288641;PubMed=8017945;
Rince A., Dufour A., le Pogam S., Thuault D., Bourgeois C.M., Pennec J.P.
"Cloning, expression, and nucleotide sequence of genes involved in production of lactococcin DR, a bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.", Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1652-1657(1994).
PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 25-31, STRAIN=CNRZ 481
Piard J.-C., Muriana P.M., Desmazeaud M.J., Klaenhammer T.R.
"Purification and partial characterization of lacticin 481, a lanthionine-containing bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CNRZ 481.", Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:279-284(1992).
THIOETHER BONDS.
MEDLINE=96350545;PubMed=8764998;DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(96)00771-5
van den Hooven H.W., Lagerwerf F.M., Heerma W., Haverkamp J., Piard J.-C., Hilbers C.W., Siezen R.J., Kuipers O.P., Rollema H.S.
"The structure of the lantibiotic lacticin 481 produced by Lactococcus lactis: location of the thioether bridges.", FEBS Lett. 391:317-322(1996).
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Gene structure
genome of lacticin 481 (Lactococcin DR)

Gene idNameDescriptionLocation
BACGene123unknown orf8complement(1..498)
BACGene124tpaseputative transposase737..2056
BACGene125lctApreprolacticin 4812471..2626
BACGene126lctMLctM posttranslational modifications of preprolactococin 4812764..5532
BACGene127lctTLctT protease; ATP-dependent transport protein; cleavage of the leader peptide andexport of mature lacticin 4815551..7626
BACGene128lctFLctF immunity to the bacteriocin lacticin 481 ABC transporter (ATP-binding domain) homolog7684..8604
BACGene129lctELctE immunity to the bacteriocin lacticin 481 ABC transporter (trans-membrane domain) homolog8604..9356
BACGene130lctGLctG proposed to be associated to LctF and LctE to form an ABC transporter involvedin immunity to lacticin 481 ABC transporter (trans-membrane domain) homolog9350..10087
BACGene131tpaseputative transposase Orf710388..11707
BACGene132tpaseunknown Orf912029..12132
tpaselctAlctMlctTlctFlctElctGtpasetpase
Protein sequence
 ........10 ........20 ........30 
          |          |          | 
 KGGSGVIHTI SHECNMNSWQ FVFTCCS

Wheel representation
wheel representation of lacticin 481 (Lactococcin DR)
Protein sequence annotations
Features of lacticin 481 (Lactococcin DR)

T
FeaturePosition(s)LengthDescription
PEPTIDE1↔2727
Lantibiotic lacticin-481.
Feature identifier = PRO_0000017121.
Modified residue24(Z)-2,3-didehydrobutyrine.
Cross-link9↔146Beta-methyllanthionine (Thr-Cys).
Cross-link11↔2515Lanthionine (Ser-Cys).
Cross-link18↔269Lanthionine (Ser-Cys).
Composition
Hydrophobicity

Composition
Formula C127 H190 N36 O39 S4
Absent amino acids ADLPRY
Common amino acids S
Mass (Da) 2991.8
Net charge +2
Isoelectric point 7.35
Basic residues 3
Acidic residues 1
Hydrophobic residues 7
Polar residues 14
Aliphatic residues 4
Tiny residues 7
Boman Index -24.02
Hydropathy Index 0.05
Aliphatic Index 50.37
Instability Index 26.31 (stable)
Half Life Mammalian : 1.3 hour
Yeast : 3 min
E. coli : 2 min
Extinction Coefficient 5625 M-1 cm-1
Absorbance 280nm 216.35

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