Bacteriocin: gallidermin

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Bacteriocin: gallidermin

Accession: BAC018

Classification
Class: Lantibiotic
Genetics
Gene: gdmA
Producer and target organisms

Producer Organism: Staphylococcus gallinarum [Gram-positive]

Taxonomy: BacteriaFirmicutesBacillalesStaphylococcus

Target organismsactive on Gram-positive bacteria

Description
Mode of action:
Lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic). The bactericidal activity of lantibiotics is based on depolarization of energized bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, initiated by the formation of aqueous transmembrane pores.

Post-translational modification:
Maturation of lantibiotics involves the enzymic conversion of Thr, and Ser into dehydrated AA and the formation of thioether bonds with cysteine. The C-terminal lanthionine undergoes decarboxylation. This is followed by membrane translocation and cleavage of the modified precursor.
Uniprot and PDB links

UniProt Entry: P21838

PDB EntryUnknown

NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], STRAIN=TU 3928
MEDLINE=89306540;PubMed=2765032;DOI=10.1016/0378-1097(89)90050-5
Schnell N., Entian K.-D., Goetz F., Hoerner T., Kellner R., Jung G.
"Structural gene isolation and prepeptide sequence of gallidermin, a new lanthionine containing antibiotic.", FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 49:263-267(1989).
PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 31-52, STRAIN=TU 3928
MEDLINE=89030695;PubMed=3181159;
Kellner R., Jung G., Hoerner T., Zaehner H., Schnell N., Entian K.-D., Goetz F.
"Gallidermin: a new lanthionine-containing polypeptide antibiotic.", Eur. J. Biochem. 177:53-59(1988).
STRUCTURE BY NMR.
MEDLINE=92032577;PubMed=1932575;
Freund S., Jung G., Gutbrod O., Folkers G., Gibbons W.A., Allgaier H., Werner R.
"The solution structure of the lantibiotic gallidermin.", Biopolymers 31:803-811(1991).
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Gene structure
genome of gallidermin

Gene idNameDescriptionLocation
BACGene38gdmEGdmE proposed ABC transporter subunit (integral membrane domain)complement(1..177)
BACGene39gdmFGdmF proposed ABC transporter subunit (ATP-binding domain)complement(179..874)
BACGene40gdmHGdmH putative membrane protein1035..2027
BACGene41gdmTGdmT ABC transportercomplement(2043..3686)
BACGene42gdmAGdmA precursor peptide of the lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic)gallidermin3844..4002
BACGene43gdmBGdmB modifying enzyme; 5' end4068..4373
gdmEgdmFgdmHgdmTgdmAgdmB
Protein sequence
 ........10 ........20 ........30 
          |          |          | 
 IASKFLCTPG CAKTGSFNSY CC

Wheel representation
wheel representation of gallidermin
Protein sequence annotations
Features of gallidermin

T
FeaturePosition(s)LengthDescription
PEPTIDE1↔2222
Lantibiotic gallidermin.
Feature identifier = PRO_0000017119.
Modified residue14(Z)-2,3-didehydrobutyrine.
Cross-link3↔75Lanthionine (Ser-Cys).
Cross-link8↔114Beta-methyllanthionine (Thr-Cys).
Cross-link16↔216Lanthionine (Ser-Cys).
Cross-link19↔224S-(2-aminovinyl)-D-cysteine (Ser-Cys).
Composition
Hydrophobicity

Composition
Formula C99 H153 N25 O30 S4
Absent amino acids DEHMQRVW
Common amino acids C
Mass (Da) 2320.05
Net charge +2
Isoelectric point 8.33
Basic residues 2
Acidic residues 0
Hydrophobic residues 6
Polar residues 13
Aliphatic residues 2
Tiny residues 7
Boman Index -6.8
Hydropathy Index 0.4
Aliphatic Index 44.55
Instability Index 20.5 (stable)
Half Life Mammalian : 20 hour
Yeast : 30 min
E. coli : >10 hour
Extinction Coefficient 1740 M-1 cm-1
Absorbance 280nm 82.86

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