Bacteriocin: epidermin

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Bacteriocin: epidermin

Accession: BAC017

Classification

Class: Lantibiotic

Genetics

Gene: epiA

Producer and target organisms

Producer Organism: Staphylococcus epidermidis [Gram-positive]

Taxonomy: BacteriaFirmicutesBacillalesStaphylococcus

Target organismsactive on Gram-positive bacteria

Description

Mode of action:
Lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic). The bactericidal activity of lantibiotics is based on depolarization of energized bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, initiated by the formation of aqueous transmembrane pores.

Post-translational modification:
Maturation of lantibiotics involves the enzymic conversion of Thr, and Ser into dehydrated AA and the formation of thioether bonds with cysteine. The C-terminal lanthionine undergoes decarboxylation. This is followed by membrane translocation and cleavage of the modified precursor.

Uniprot and PDB links

UniProt Entry: P08136 Q54093

PDB Entry1G5Q resolved by X-ray

[Ref. 1] | View abstract | Export citation

NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], STRAIN=TU 3298 / DSM 3095
MEDLINE=88216821;PubMed=2835685;DOI=10.1038/333276a0
Schnell N., Entian K.-D., Schneider U., Gotz F., Zahner H., Kellner R., Jung G.
"Prepeptide sequence of epidermin, a ribosomally synthesized antibiotic with four sulphide-rings.", Nature 333:276-278(1988).

[Ref. 2] | View abstract | Export citation

NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], STRAIN=TU 3298 / DSM 3095
MEDLINE=92155237;PubMed=1740156;
Schnell N., Engelke G., Augustin J., Rosenstein R., Ungermann V., Goetz F., Entian K.-D.
"Analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of lantibiotic epidermin.", Eur. J. Biochem. 204:57-68(1992).

[Ref. 3] | View abstract | Export citation

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.57 ANGSTROMS) OF 48-52 IN COMPLEX WITH EPID.
MEDLINE=20553209;PubMed=11101502;DOI=10.1093/emboj/19.23.6299
Blaesse M., Kupke T., Huber R., Steinbacher S.
"Crystal structure of the peptidyl-cysteine decarboxylase EpiD complexed with a pentapeptide substrate.", EMBO J. 19:6299-6310(2000).

Gene structure

Gene id	Name	Description	Location
BACGene30	epiY'	none of previously described start codons for Staphylococci (ATG,TTg,GTG) is present	complement(1..827)
BACGene31	epiY	none of previously described start codons for Staphylococci (ATG,TTg,GTG) is present	complement(781..1227)
BACGene32	epiA	Epidermin prepeptide	1381..1539
BACGene33	epiB	modifying enzyme	1605..4565
BACGene34	epiC	modifying enzyme	4441..5808
BACGene35	epiD	modifying enzyme	5824..6369
BACGene36	epiQ	response regulator	complement(6366..6983)
BACGene37	epiP	serine protease	complement(6994..8379)

Protein sequence

........10 ........20 ........30
| | |
IASKFICTPG CAKTGSFNSY CC

Wheel representation

3D Structure

Protein sequence annotations

Feature	Position(s)	Length	Description
PEPTIDE	1↔22	22	Lantibiotic epidermin. Feature identifier = PRO_0000017117.
Modified residue	14		(Z)-2,3-didehydrobutyrine.
Cross-link	3↔7	5	Lanthionine (Ser-Cys).
Cross-link	8↔11	4	Beta-methyllanthionine (Thr-Cys).
Cross-link	16↔21	6	Lanthionine (Ser-Cys).
Cross-link	19↔22	4	S-(2-aminovinyl)-D-cysteine (Ser-Cys).

Composition

Hydrophobicity

Composition

Formula	C₉₉ H₁₅₃ N₂₅ O₃₀ S₄
Absent amino acids	DEHLMQRVW
Common amino acids	C
Mass (Da)	2320.05
Net charge	+2
Isoelectric point	8.33
Basic residues	2
Acidic residues	0
Hydrophobic residues	6
Polar residues	13
Aliphatic residues	2
Tiny residues	7
Boman Index	-6.8
Hydropathy Index	0.43
Aliphatic Index	44.55
Instability Index	20.5 (stable)
Half Life	Mammalian : 20 hour Yeast : 30 min E. coli : >10 hour
Extinction Coefficient	1740 M^-1 cm^-1
Absorbance 280nm	82.86

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