Bacteriocin: epidermin

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Bacteriocin: epidermin

Accession: BAC017

Classification
Class: Lantibiotic
Genetics
Gene: epiA
Producer and target organisms

Producer Organism: Staphylococcus epidermidis [Gram-positive]

Taxonomy: BacteriaFirmicutesBacillalesStaphylococcus

Target organismsactive on Gram-positive bacteria

Description
Mode of action:
Lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic). The bactericidal activity of lantibiotics is based on depolarization of energized bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, initiated by the formation of aqueous transmembrane pores.

Post-translational modification:
Maturation of lantibiotics involves the enzymic conversion of Thr, and Ser into dehydrated AA and the formation of thioether bonds with cysteine. The C-terminal lanthionine undergoes decarboxylation. This is followed by membrane translocation and cleavage of the modified precursor.
Uniprot and PDB links

UniProt Entry: P08136 Q54093

PDB Entry1G5Q resolved by X-ray

NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], STRAIN=TU 3298 / DSM 3095
MEDLINE=88216821;PubMed=2835685;DOI=10.1038/333276a0
Schnell N., Entian K.-D., Schneider U., Gotz F., Zahner H., Kellner R., Jung G.
"Prepeptide sequence of epidermin, a ribosomally synthesized antibiotic with four sulphide-rings.", Nature 333:276-278(1988).
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], STRAIN=TU 3298 / DSM 3095
MEDLINE=92155237;PubMed=1740156;
Schnell N., Engelke G., Augustin J., Rosenstein R., Ungermann V., Goetz F., Entian K.-D.
"Analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of lantibiotic epidermin.", Eur. J. Biochem. 204:57-68(1992).
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.57 ANGSTROMS) OF 48-52 IN COMPLEX WITH EPID.
MEDLINE=20553209;PubMed=11101502;DOI=10.1093/emboj/19.23.6299
Blaesse M., Kupke T., Huber R., Steinbacher S.
"Crystal structure of the peptidyl-cysteine decarboxylase EpiD complexed with a pentapeptide substrate.", EMBO J. 19:6299-6310(2000).
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End Note
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BibTeX
Gene structure
genome of epidermin

Gene idNameDescriptionLocation
BACGene30epiY'none of previously described start codons for Staphylococci (ATG,TTg,GTG) is presentcomplement(1..827)
BACGene31epiYnone of previously described start codons for Staphylococci (ATG,TTg,GTG) is presentcomplement(781..1227)
BACGene32epiAEpidermin prepeptide1381..1539
BACGene33epiBmodifying enzyme1605..4565
BACGene34epiCmodifying enzyme4441..5808
BACGene35epiDmodifying enzyme5824..6369
BACGene36epiQresponse regulatorcomplement(6366..6983)
BACGene37epiPserine proteasecomplement(6994..8379)
epiY'epiYepiAepiBepiCepiDepiQepiP
Protein sequence
 ........10 ........20 ........30 
          |          |          | 
 IASKFICTPG CAKTGSFNSY CC

Wheel representation
wheel representation of epidermin
3D Structure
Protein sequence annotations
Features of epidermin

T
FeaturePosition(s)LengthDescription
PEPTIDE1↔2222
Lantibiotic epidermin.
Feature identifier = PRO_0000017117.
Modified residue14(Z)-2,3-didehydrobutyrine.
Cross-link3↔75Lanthionine (Ser-Cys).
Cross-link8↔114Beta-methyllanthionine (Thr-Cys).
Cross-link16↔216Lanthionine (Ser-Cys).
Cross-link19↔224S-(2-aminovinyl)-D-cysteine (Ser-Cys).
Composition
Hydrophobicity

Composition
Formula C99 H153 N25 O30 S4
Absent amino acids DEHLMQRVW
Common amino acids C
Mass (Da) 2320.05
Net charge +2
Isoelectric point 8.33
Basic residues 2
Acidic residues 0
Hydrophobic residues 6
Polar residues 13
Aliphatic residues 2
Tiny residues 7
Boman Index -6.8
Hydropathy Index 0.43
Aliphatic Index 44.55
Instability Index 20.5 (stable)
Half Life Mammalian : 20 hour
Yeast : 30 min
E. coli : >10 hour
Extinction Coefficient 1740 M-1 cm-1
Absorbance 280nm 82.86

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