Bacteriocin: actagardine (Gardimycin)
Accession: BAC012
Classification
Class: Lantibiotic
Genetics
Gene: Unidentified
Producer and target organisms
Producer Organism: Actinoplanes liguriae [Gram-positive]
Taxonomy: Bacteria
ActinobacteriaActinobacteridaeActinomycetalesMicromonosporineaeMicromonosporaceaeActinoplanes
Target organismsGram-positive bacteria -
Has good antistreptococcal activity: streptococci - Streptococcus pyogenes
Description
Mode of action:
Lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic). The bactericidal activity of lantibiotics is based on depolarization of energized bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, initiated by the formation of aqueous transmembrane pores.
Post-translational modification:
Maturation of lantibiotics involves the enzymic conversion of Thr, and Ser into dehydrated AA and the formation of thioether bonds with cysteine. The 14-19 beta-methyllanthionine thioether bond is oxidized to a sulfoxide. This is followed by membrane translocation and cleavage of the modified precursor.
Lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic). The bactericidal activity of lantibiotics is based on depolarization of energized bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, initiated by the formation of aqueous transmembrane pores.
Post-translational modification:
Maturation of lantibiotics involves the enzymic conversion of Thr, and Ser into dehydrated AA and the formation of thioether bonds with cysteine. The 14-19 beta-methyllanthionine thioether bond is oxidized to a sulfoxide. This is followed by membrane translocation and cleavage of the modified precursor.
Uniprot and PDB links
UniProt Entry: P56650
PDB Entry1AJ1 resolved by NMR
PRELIMINARY PROTEIN SEQUENCE, AND STRUCTURE BY NMR.
MEDLINE=91008698;PubMed=2211371;
Kettenring J.K., Malabarba A., Vekey K., Cavalleri B.
"Sequence determination of actagardine, a novel lantibiotic, by homonuclear 2D NMR spectroscopy.", J. Antibiot. 43:1082-1088(1990).
MEDLINE=91008698;PubMed=2211371;
Kettenring J.K., Malabarba A., Vekey K., Cavalleri B.
"Sequence determination of actagardine, a novel lantibiotic, by homonuclear 2D NMR spectroscopy.", J. Antibiot. 43:1082-1088(1990).
PROTEIN SEQUENCE, AND STRUCTURE BY NMR.
MEDLINE=95255286;PubMed=7737178;
Zimmermann N., Metzger J.W., Jung G.
"The tetracyclic lantibiotic actagardine. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR assignments and revised primary structure.", Eur. J. Biochem. 228:786-797(1995).
MEDLINE=95255286;PubMed=7737178;
Zimmermann N., Metzger J.W., Jung G.
"The tetracyclic lantibiotic actagardine. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR assignments and revised primary structure.", Eur. J. Biochem. 228:786-797(1995).
STRUCTURE BY NMR.
MEDLINE=97363218;PubMed=9219543;
Zimmermann N., Jung G.
"The three-dimensional solution structure of the lantibiotic murein- biosynthesis-inhibitor actagardine determined by NMR.", Eur. J. Biochem. 246:809-819(1997).
MEDLINE=97363218;PubMed=9219543;
Zimmermann N., Jung G.
"The three-dimensional solution structure of the lantibiotic murein- biosynthesis-inhibitor actagardine determined by NMR.", Eur. J. Biochem. 246:809-819(1997).
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Protein sequence
| ........10 ........20 | | SSGWVCTLTI ECGTVICAC |
Wheel representation
3D Structure
Protein sequence annotations
| Feature | Position(s) | Length | Description |
| PEPTIDE | 1↔19 | 19 | Lantibiotic actagardine. Feature identifier = PRO_0000043967. |
| Cross-link | 1↔6 | 6 | Lanthionine (Ser-Cys). |
| Cross-link | 7↔12 | 6 | Beta-methyllanthionine (Thr-Cys). |
| Cross-link | 9↔17 | 9 | Beta-methyllanthionine (Thr-Cys). |
| Cross-link | 14↔19 | 6 | Beta-methyllanthionine sulfoxide (Thr-Cys). |
| STRAND | 7↔17 | 11 |
Composition
Hydrophobicity
Composition
| Formula | C81
H132
N20
O27
S4 |
| Absent amino acids | DFHKMNPQRY |
| Common amino acids | C |
| Mass (Da) | 1873.4 |
| Net charge | -1 |
| Isoelectric point | 3.85 |
| Basic residues | 0 |
| Acidic residues | 1 |
| Hydrophobic residues | 7 |
| Polar residues | 11 |
| Aliphatic residues | 5 |
| Tiny residues | 5 |
| Boman Index | 12.66 |
| Hydropathy Index | 1.27 |
| Aliphatic Index | 97.37 |
| Instability Index | 103.71 (unstable) |
| Half Life |
Mammalian : 1.9 hour Yeast : >20 hour E. coli : >10 hour |
| Extinction Coefficient | 5750 M-1 cm-1 |
| Absorbance 280nm | 319.44 |
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